二是深化改革开放,激发经济社会发展活力。针对束缚发展的体制机制障碍,我们通过全面深化改革,以释放市场活力对冲经济下行压力,啃了不少硬骨头,经济、政治、文化、社会、生态文明等体制改革全面推进。 Second we deepened reform and opening up and invigorated economic and social development. To address obstructions holding back development caused by certain systems and mechanisms, we comprehensively deepened reform, invigorating the market to offset downward economic pressure. We tackled many tough issues and carried out structural reforms in the economic, political, cultural, societal, and ecological sectors.
- 扎实推动重点改革。制定并实施深化财税体制改革总体方案,预算管理制度和税制改革取得重要进展,专项转移支付项目比上年减少 1/3 以上,一般性转移支付比重增加,地方政府性债务管理得到加强。存款利率和汇率浮动区间扩大,民营银行试点迈出新步伐,“沪港通”试点启动,外汇储备、保险资金运用范围拓展。能源、交通、环保、通信等领域价格改革加快。启动科技资金管理、考试招生、户籍、机关事业单位养老保险制度等改革。 We have made solid progress in key reforms. We formulated and implemented a coordinated plan for deepening the reform of the fiscal and tax: systems. Important progress was made in the reform of the budgetary management and tax systems. The number of items receiving special transfer payments was over one third less than that of the previous year, and the proportion of transfer payments for general purposes was increased. Management of local government debt was strengthened. The floating ranges of interest rates on deposits and exchange rates were expanded. New steps were taken in the trials to establish private banks. The Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect was launched on a trial basis. The scope for using foreign exchange reserves and insurance funds was broadened. Price reforms in energy, transport, environmental protection, and communications were accelerated. We launched reforms to the system for managing research and development funding, the school examination and enrollment systems, the household registration system, and the pension system for employees of Party and government offices and public institutions.
继续把简政放权、放管结合作为改革的重头戏。国务院各部门全年取消和下放 246 项行政审批事项,取消评比达标表彰项目29 项、职业资格许可和认定事项 149 项,再次修订投资项目核准目录,大幅缩减核准范围。着力改革商事制度,新登记注册市场主体达到 1293 万户,其中新登记注册企业增长 45. 9 % 形成新的创业热潮。经济增速放缓,新增就业不降反增,显示了改革的巨大威力和市场的无限潜力。 We have continued to give the central stage in reform to streamlining administration arid delegating more powers to lower-level governments and to society in general while improving regulation. Over the course of the year, departments under the State Council cancelled the requirement of or delegated the power for review on 246 items. We cancelled 29 performance evaluations, inspections on the meeting of standards, and commendations, and 149 verifications and approvals of vocational qualifications. We again revised and significantly shortened the list of investment projects requiring government review. We channeled great effort into the reform of the business system. The number of newly registered market entities reached 12.93 million, with that of enterprises increasing by 45.9%, creating a fresh surge of entrepreneurial activity. While economic growth slowed down, more jobs were created, which fully demonstrates both the tremendous power of reform and the endless potential of the market.
以开放促改革促发展。扩展上海自由贸易试验区范围,新设广东、天津、福建自由贸易试验区。稳定出口,增加进口,出口占国际市场份额继续提升。实际使用外商直接投资 1196 亿美元,居世界首位。对外直接投资 1029 亿美元,与利用外资并驾齐驱。中国与冰岛、瑞士自贸区启动实施,中韩、中澳自贸区完成实质性谈判。铁路、电力、油气、通信等领域对外合作取得重要成果,中国装备正大步走向世界。 We drew on further opening up to boost reform and development. We expanded the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone and established similar zones in Guangdong, Tianjin, and Fujian. We worked to keep exports stable and increase imports, and China's international market share in exports continued to increase. Foreign direct investment actually made in China reached $119.6 billion, making the country the world's top destination for foreign direct investment. China's outward foreign direct investment reached $102.9 billion, meaning that outward investment has come to draw even with inward investment. China's free trade zone arrangements with Iceland and Switzerland were officially launched, and China completed substantive talks on free trade zones with the Republic of Korea and Australia. Major progress was made in cooperation with other countries in fields such as railways, electric power, oil, natural gas, and communications. Chinese equipment is making significant strides into the international market.
三是加大结构调整力度,增强发展后劲。在结构性矛盾突出的情况下,我们积极作为,有扶有控,多办当前急需又利长远的事,务实经济社会发展根基。 Third, we stepped up structural adjustments to make China’s development more sustainable. We took proactive steps to address prominent structural problems and supported the development of certain areas while containing the development of others, focusing on urgently needed initiatives that promise long-term benefits. Our goal herein has been to lay a firm foundation for economic and social development
不断巩固农业基础。加大强农惠农富农政策力度,实现粮食产量“十一连增”、农民收入“五连快”。农业综合生产能力稳步提高,农业科技和机械化水平持续提升,重大水利工程建设进度加快,新增节水灌溉面积3345万亩,新建改建农村公路23万公里。新一轮退耕还林还草启动实施。农村土地确权登记颁证有序进行,农业新型经营主体加快成长。 Work was done to strengthen the foundations of agriculture. We increased policy support to strengthen agriculture, benefit farmers, and raise rural living standards. Grain output increased for the 11th consecutive year, and the income of rural residents grew faster than that of urban residents for the fifth year running. Overall agricultural production capacity was steadily improved. Agricultural science and technology continued to be strengthened, and agriculture was further mechanized. The pace of progress in the construction of major water conservancy projects was stepped up. Farmland under water-saving irrigation was increased by 2.23 million hectares. An additional 230,000 kilometers of roads were built of upgraded in rural areas. We launched a new round of efforts to return more marginal farmland to forest or grassland. The work to determine, register, and certify contracted rural land-use rights proceeded as planned, and new types of agricultural businesses registered faster growth.
大力调整产业结构。着力培育新的增长点,促进服务业加快发展,支持发展移动互联网、集成电路、高端装备制造、新能源汽车等战略性新兴产业,互联网金融异军突起,电子商务、物流快递等新业态快速成长,众多"创客"脱颖而出,文化创意产业蓬勃发展。同时,继续化解过剩产能,钢铁、水泥等 15 个重点行业淘汰落后产能年度任务如期完成。加强雾噩治理,淘汰黄标车和老旧车指标超额完成。 We channeled great energy into making adjustments in the structure of industry. We focused on fostering new areas of growth by encouraging the service sector to develop more quickly, and supporting the development of strategic emerging industries, including the mobile Internet industry, the integrated circuits industry, high-end equipment manufacturing, and the new-energy vehicles industry. Internet-based finance rose swiftly to prominence. B-commerce, logistics, express delivery services and other emerging businesses developed rapidly. We have seen creators coming thick and fast, and the cultural and creative industries have been developing with great vitality. At the same time, we continued to cut overcapacity. Fifteen key industries including steel and cement achieved their task for the year of shutting down outdated production facilities as scheduled. We stepped up efforts to prevent and control smog and surpassed this year's targets for removing high-emission and old vehicles from the roads.
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